DIESEL FUEL (GAS OIL)

Diesel fuel is produced from various sources, the most common being petroleum. Other sources include biomass, animal fat, biogas, natural gas, and coal liquefaction. Petroleum diesel, also called petrodiesel is the most common type of diesel fuel. It is produced from the fractional distillation of crude oil between 200 °C (392 °F) and 350 °C (662 °F) at atmospheric pressure, resulting in a mixture of carbon chains that typically contain between 8 and 21 carbon atoms per molecule. The important properties which are used to characterize diesel fuel include cetane number (or cetane index), fuel volatility, density, viscosity, cold behavior, and sulfur content. Diesel fuel specifications differ for various fuel grades and in different countries. The principal measure of diesel fuel quality is its cetane number. A cetane number is a measure of the delay of ignition of a diesel fuel. A higher cetane number indicates that the fuel ignites more readily when sprayed into hot compressed air.  European (EN 590 standard) road diesel has a minimum cetane number of 51. Diesel fuel is more efficient than gasoline because it contains 10% more energy per gallon than gasoline. But there are a few kinds of diesel fuel: Standard diesel fuel (sometimes called diesel oil) comes in two grades: Diesel #1 (or 1-D) and Diesel #2 (or 2-D). The higher the cetane number, the more volatile the fuel. Most diesel vehicles use fuel with a rating of 40 to 55. Diesel fuel keeps the world economy moving. From consumer goods moved around the world, to the generation of electric power, to increased efficiency on farms, diesel fuel plays a vital role in strengthening the global economy and the standard of living. The major uses of diesel fuel are:  

• On-road transportation
• Off-road uses (e.g., mining, construction,)
• Farming
• Rail transportation
• Marine shipping
• Electric power generation
• Military transportation

Iran is an energy superpower and the Petroleum industry in Iran plays an important part in it. In 2004 Iran produced 5.1 percent of the world’s total crude oil,3.9 million barrels per day. In 2012, Iran, which exports around 1.5 million barrels of crude oil a day, was the second-largest exporter among the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Iran plans to invest a total of $500 billion in the oil sector before 2025. Diesel D2 is one of the main products in export basket of Iran. In 2017 Iran has exported 9 million MT Diesel D2. The same goes for Russia, The petroleum industry in Russia is one of the largest in the world. Russia has the largest reserves and is the largest exporter of natural gas. It has the second largest coal reserves, the eighth largest oil reserves, and is one of the largest producers of oil. Russia produced an average of 10.83 million barrels of oil per day in December 2015, It produces 12% of the world’s oil and has a similar share of global oil exports. Russian diesels are very known for customers around the world. Russia produces different diesel grades that meet all the needs of users and customers. Grades of Russian diesels are such as Diesel EN590, Diesel D2 L0.2-62 , Diesel AGO , Diesel 50-500 ppm.